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Rede Integrada de Transporte : ウィキペディア英語版 | Rede Integrada de Transporte
Rede Integrada de Transporte (also known as RIT, locally pronounced (:ˈʁedj ĩteˈɡɾadɐ dɪ tɾɐ̃sˈpɔɾtɪ),〔The standard Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation, based on the variety spoken in Rio de Janeiro, is (:ˈʁedʒĩːteˈɡɾadɐ dʒi tɾɐ̃ʃˈpɔʁtʃi).〕 Portuguese for ''Integrated Transportation Network'') is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Curitiba, Brazil, implemented in 1974 it notable as being the first of many such systems around the world〔 pp. 5〕 and a component of one of the first and most successful examples of transit-oriented development. ==Overview==
Curitiba has a well planned and integrated transportation system, which includes dedicated lanes on major streets for a bus rapid transit system.〔〔The US Government Environmental Protection Agency website (highlights the Curitiba transit project ), describing the success of the city master plan in numbers.〕 The buses are long, with 157 bi-articulated (split into three sections) and 29 single-articulated vehicles,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=24 August 2014 )〕 and stop at designated elevated tube-shaped stations to allow for fare prepayment and platform level boarding, complete with handicapped access. A small ramp folds down from the bus onto the platform so there is no gap to cross to enter or leave the vehicle. All door loading and fare prepayment allows for short dwell times in stations. 20% of the stations have passing lanes to allow for express services〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=24 August 2014 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Publictransit.us )〕 The system, used by 85% of Curitiba's population (2.3 million passengers a day),〔A (study on Curitiba transportation ) by The University of Upsalla〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Curitiba’s Bus Rapid Transit: 2.3 Million Passengers a Day )〕 is the source of inspiration〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC mentions transit system as landmark of Brazil's south )〕 for the TransMilenio in Bogotá, Colombia, Metrovia in Guayaquil, Ecuador as well as the Emerald Express (EmX) of Eugene, Oregon and Orange Line of the Los Angeles, California, The Strip and Downtown Express in Las Vegas, Nevada and for a future transportation system in Panama City, Panama, Transmetro system in Guatemala City, Guatemala, the Metrobús of Mexico City and Buenos Aires, Argentina, and for the city of Bangalore.〔Indian Institute of Technology Delhi states (Bangalore to adopt Curitiba transit system ). These cities are listed in a (study from Sidney University ) on Bus Rapid Transit, as well as in a study by the Japanese Institute for Global Environment Strategies with the UN Collaborating Center on Energy and Environment at the Risoe National Laboratory of Denmark (which echoes this list ).〕 Recently, the transportation system has been facing problems due to the its reduced fleet and lack of maintenance. Buses represent only 1% of automobiles and overcrowding is a serious problem.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bem Paraná – Ônibus são 1% da frota, mas estão em 10% dos acidentes )〕 Curitiba is the Brazilian capital with the highest automobiles per inhabitants ratio, with 1.2 million vehicles for a population of 1.8 million inhabitants, which explains the frequent traffic jams in the city.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CMI Brasil – Inferno nas ruas de Curitiba )〕 The citizens are forced to find alternative ways of reaching their destinations, given that overcrowding prevents the users of boarding the buses.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Passageiros reclamam que superlotação é constante – Paraná-Online – Paranaense como você )〕 For opponents of the government, the quality system has worsened since the last bid.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bem Paraná – Bancada de oposição cobra respostas para problemas do transporte coletivo )〕 Bicycle riders are also forced to illegally use the dedicated lanes,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Em teste, ciclistas teimam em andar nas canaletas – Vida e Cidadania )〕 since Curitiba's accessibility to bicycle lanes is poor: Curitiba has just 35 km of exclusive bicycles lanes, much less many major European cities, such as Berlin, which contains 620 km of dedicated bicycle lanes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bike City Berlin )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mais do que lazer, bicicleta é transporte alternativo – Vida e Cidadania )〕
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